Onshore & offshore foundations for wind turbines
Safe and economical foundation solutions are necessary in wind projects especially because wind turbines can be very large and because wind farms can consist of numerous wind towers. The type of foundation used depends mainly on on-site soil properties, water depth and sea bed conditions. These foundations include monopole, tripod, jacket, suction caisson, and gravity base. In addition, offshore wind towers can also be constructed using floating methods. The designer’s judgement will be based from economical factors and environmental conditions.
Various types of wind turbine foundations and concepts from Konstantinidis and Botsaris (2016)
Example of a 3D FE analysis of a Monopile using the commercial FE program ABAQUS from Sturm and Andresen (2019)
